SINESTESIA: La experiencia multisensorial de nuestro amigo Shelly

Suele pensarse en la imagen desde lo puramente visual y la imagen fija, pero una característica de los sentidos es su tendencia a mezclarse e integrarse; una imagen visual se encuentra siempre acompañada de repercusiones con connotaciones en experiencias propias de otras modalidades sensoriales. Al parecer esta era una de las múltiples realidades de uno de nuestros personajes favoritos de la serie ‘The Big Bang Theory’, Sheldon Cooper.

La sinestesia es una condición neurológica, una mezcla de etiquetas sensoriales que algunas personas, alrededor del 1% de la población, no pierden durante el desarrollo cerebral y lo mantienen durante su edad adulta.

Existen, además, imágenes en los territorios propios de los sentidos. La propia imagen visual es una fusión construida de perceptos fragmentados y discontinuos.

El neurocientífico Mariano Sigman explica en este capítulo de la serie ‘Sé lo que estás pensando’, de ‘Materia’ y EL PAÍS Vídeo, las asociaciones naturales entre sentidos. 

Los primeros casos de sinestesia empezaron a estudiarse en el terreno científico hace doscientos años. Anteriormente se relacionaba con la parapsicología, incluso con la brujería y se consideraban locos a aquellos que afirmaban experimentarla.

En su libro El arte como experiencia1, publicado por primera vez en 1934, John Dewey señala la importancia de esta profunda interacción e intercambio de los sentidos que damos por sentada. El filósofo pragmatista no se refiere aquí a la un tanto excepcional capacidad perceptiva humana de la sinestesiacapacidad que, por ejemplo, le permite a una persona oír colores como sonidos o ver música como colores.

Dewey nos habla de la cualidad normal y esencial de nuestras percepciones de penetrar unas en las otras y proporcionar así una experiencia existencia completa que vincula el mundo y el perceptor en una unidad inseparable.

La investigación contemporánea en el campo de la neurociencia ofrece cada vez más datos sobre las extraordinarias interconexiones e interrelaciones entre las distintas áreas sensoriales del cerebro y del sistema neuronal que confirman las hipótesis de Dewey sobre la interacción de los distintos dominios sensoriales.

Mayim Bialık, neurocientífica y actriz de la serie «The Big Bang Theory» explica lo que hasta ahora sabe la ciencia sobre la sinestesia.

La inesperada flexibilidad de nuestro sistema sensorial se ha puesto particularmente de manifiesto en los estudios sobre las capacidades sensoriales de los ciegos. “Al parecer, el mundo de los ciegos, de los cegados, puede ser particularmente rico en […] estados intermedios  ̶ lo intersensorial, lo metamodal  ̶   para los que no disponemos de un lenguaje común«, afirma Olver Sacks2.

Documental «Sinestesia. Arte, dolor y sexo»

Notas

  1. Dewey, John, Art As Experience, Perigee Books, Nueva York, 1980 (versión castellana: El arte como experiencia, Paidós, Barcelona, 2008).
  2. Sacks, Oliver, “The mind´s Eye. What the Blind See”, en Howes, David (ed.), Empire of the Senses, Berg Publishers, Oxford, 2005, pág.33.
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